![]() However, migration timing is thought to be largely endogenously controlled 6, and thus knowledge of its genetic architecture (e.g., the identity, number, and location of genetic loci involved) is essential for predicting how migrants will respond to phenological changes that accompany climate change. Migration phenology may be influenced by many factors, including extrinsic factors such as rainfall 4 and wintering habitat conditions 5. These resources are becoming available earlier and it is unclear if migrants will be able to match these advances in timing, potentially leading to substantial population declines 3. For example, migrants must synchronize arrival at breeding grounds to coincide with seasonal resources availability 2. Overall, these results advance our understanding of the genomic underpinnings of migration timing.Ĭlimate change affects spring phenology in temperate zones and could have significant, negative impacts on migratory animals 1. On chromosome 1, a region that was differentiated between migration timing phenotypes contained genes that could facilitate nocturnal flights and act as epigenetic modifiers. A moderate to large amount of variance in spring migration arrival timing was explained by genomics (proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genomics = 0.74 polygenic score R 2 = 0.24). We examined the genetic architecture of migration timing in a long-distance migratory songbird (purple martin, Progne subis subis) by integrating genomic data with an extensive dataset of direct migratory tracks. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of migration timing, the ways that migration timing phenotypes in wild individuals may map to specific genomic regions requires further investigation. The impact of climate change on spring phenology poses risks to migratory birds, as migration timing is controlled predominantly by endogenous mechanisms.
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